Rules and research

Research datasets on influence operations

Q: How many networks has OpenAI reported?

Over 40 since February 2024, as stated on 7 October 2025.

Last checked 24 October 2026 · 8 sources

Short answer

Several public sources let researchers study influence operations. Meta publishes threat indicators on GitHub under the MIT License ¹. Princeton's Empirical Studies of Conflict Project codes foreign and domestic influence efforts from 2011 to 2023 ². Oxford's 2020 inventory covers organised social media manipulation in 81 countries ³. The EEAS publishes yearly FIMI reports and a public dashboard called the FIMI Galaxy Explorer ^4,5. Google and OpenAI publish periodic reports listing networks removed ^6,7.

Meta indicators: GitHub repository, MIT License ¹
Princeton ESOC: 78 foreign and 25 domestic influence efforts against 51 countries, 2011 to 2023 ²
Oxford inventory: 81 countries, published 13 January 2021 ³
OpenAI: Over 40 networks disrupted and reported since February 2024, as of 7 October 2025 ⁷

Platform releases

Meta's facebook/threat-research repository on GitHub shares indicators of compromise and other threat indicators with the research community ¹. It holds indicator files per report, YARA signatures and an index of tactics organised by Meta's Online Operations Kill Chain. All data is provided under the MIT License ¹. The repository lists reports labelled H2 2025, H1 2026 and H2 2026 ¹.

Google's TAG bulletins list influence campaigns terminated each quarter, with counts of YouTube channels, blogs, ad accounts and blocked domains ⁶. OpenAI said on 7 October 2025 that it had disrupted and reported over 40 networks since it began public threat reporting in February 2024 ⁷.

Academic datasets

The Empirical Studies of Conflict Project at Princeton publishes Trends in Online Influence Efforts. The 2024 report describes 78 foreign and 25 domestic influence efforts against 51 countries from 2011 through 2023 ². It defines an influence effort as a coordinated campaign by a state, or the ruling party in an autocracy, to affect politics through content designed to appear indigenous to the target state ².

The database is version 5. Its downloadable files list 150 foreign and 43 domestic efforts, which differs from the abstract counts ². Users should check which count a citation uses.

The Oxford Internet Institute's 2020 inventory, published 13 January 2021, found organised social media manipulation in 81 countries ³. It draws on public platform announcements compiled in a public Zotero database ³.

EU and regional sources

The EEAS encodes FIMI incidents in STIX, a standard threat-intelligence format ⁴. Its 4th report, covering 2025, analysed 540 incidents and about 43,000 pieces of content across 19 platforms ⁴. EUvsDisinfo says the report presents the FIMI Galaxy Explorer, a public interactive dashboard on FIMI networks ⁵.

The Africa Center for Strategic Studies published a map of 189 documented disinformation campaigns in Africa on 13 March 2024, with a linked data source ⁸.

Limits of each source

Meta indicators cover only Meta's own findings and do not prove attribution on their own ¹
ESOC counts differ between its abstract and file list ²
The EEAS says its data is a selective, time-bound sample ⁴
The Africa Center calls its count surely an undercount ⁸

Common questions

Where can I download Meta's influence operation data?

Meta shares threat indicators in its facebook/threat-research GitHub repository ¹.

How does Princeton define an influence effort?

As a coordinated campaign by a state, or the ruling party in an autocracy, to affect politics using content designed to appear indigenous to the target state ².

Does the EU publish its incident data?

The EEAS publishes yearly reports, and EUvsDisinfo says the 4th report comes with a public dashboard, the FIMI Galaxy Explorer ⁵.

How many networks has OpenAI reported?

Over 40 since February 2024, as stated on 7 October 2025 ⁷.

Rules and charges change. Check the official source linked on this page before you pay or travel. Spotted an error? Email hello@influenceopsrecords.com.

Sources

The X and Twitter information operations archive
What Twitter's archive of state-backed information operations held, how the X Moderation Research Consortium shares data, and what changed in 2022.
How to read a takedown report
What the counts, follower figures, ad spend, origin labels, impact scores and threat indicators in Meta, OpenAI, Google and EEAS reports mean.
EU reports on foreign information manipulation and interference
What the EEAS reports on foreign information manipulation and interference count, the periods they cover, and how they classify channels.
Meta's adversarial threat reports explained
What Meta's adversarial threat reports contain, how each network entry is laid out, and what the Q4 2024, Q1 2025 and Q2/Q3 2025 reports listed.