Directory · 60 entries
Reported influence networks
Each row is one network or campaign as a reporting body described it, with the report and date. Origin is the reporting body's own attribution 1. Meta counts accounts, Pages and approximate ad spend in US dollars 2. OpenAI names operations and does not always give account counts 13. Google counts YouTube channels terminated and domains blocked from Google News and Discover 17. Rows are not comparable across bodies.
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Bangladesh network 1
- Reporting body
- Meta 1
- Report and date
- Q1 2024 report, May 2024 1
- Origin as attributed
- Bangladesh, linked to individuals associated with the Awami League and the Center for Research and Information 1
- Targets as reported
- Domestic audiences in Bangladesh 1
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 50 Facebook accounts, 98 Pages, about 3.4 million Page followers 1
China network targeting Sikh community 1
- Reporting body
- Meta 1
- Report and date
- Q1 2024 report, May 2024 1
- Origin as attributed
- China 1
- Targets as reported
- Global Sikh community, including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, the UK and Nigeria 1
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 37 Facebook accounts, 13 Pages, 5 Groups, 9 Instagram accounts 1
Croatia network 1
- Reporting body
- Meta 1
- Report and date
- Q1 2024 report, May 2024 1
- Origin as attributed
- Croatia, linked to individuals associated with MHDZ, the youth organisation of the HDZ party 1
- Targets as reported
- Domestic audiences in Croatia 1
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 104 Facebook accounts, 39 Pages, 7 Instagram accounts 1
Iran network targeting Israel 1
Israel network linked to STOIC 1
- Reporting body
- Meta 1
- Report and date
- Q1 2024 report, May 2024 1
- Origin as attributed
- Israel, linked to STOIC, a political marketing and business intelligence firm in Tel Aviv 1
- Targets as reported
- Primarily the US and Canada 1
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 510 Facebook accounts, 11 Pages, 1 Group, 32 Instagram accounts 1
Unknown-origin network 1
Network linked to IMA Digital 2
- Reporting body
- Meta 2
- Report and date
- Q2 2024 report, August 2024 2
- Origin as attributed
- Russia, linked to IMA Digital, a Moscow-registered marketing firm 2
- Targets as reported
- Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan 2
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 76 Facebook accounts, 30 Pages, 11 Instagram accounts, about $77,000 in ads 2
Euro Top News network 2
Network targeting Ukraine and Moldova 2
- Reporting body
- Meta 2
- Report and date
- Q2 2024 report, August 2024 2
- Origin as attributed
- Russia, links to individuals in Russia, some connected with people involved in earlier campaigns tied to the IRA, Social Design Agency and NewsFront 2
- Targets as reported
- Primarily Ukraine, Moldova and Ukrainians in Europe 2
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 43 Facebook accounts, 85 Pages, about 32,000 Page followers 2
Network linked to Ruposters 2
Network linked to LT Media 2
- Reporting body
- Meta 2
- Report and date
- Q2 2024 report, August 2024 2
- Origin as attributed
- Vietnam, linked to LT Media, likely operating on behalf of its customers 2
- Targets as reported
- Primarily Lebanon, the US, UK and France 2
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 112 Facebook accounts, 65 Pages, 49 Instagram accounts, about $1.2 million in ads 2
Patriots Run Project network 2
- Reporting body
- Meta 2
- Report and date
- Q2 2024 report, August 2024 2
- Origin as attributed
- United States, links to a US-based on-platform entity called RT Group 2
- Targets as reported
- US domestic audiences 2
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 96 Facebook accounts, 16 Pages, 12 Groups, 3 Instagram accounts 2
Transnistria network 3
- Reporting body
- Meta 3
- Report and date
- Q3 2024 report, December 2024 3
- Origin as attributed
- Primarily the Transnistria region of Moldova 3
- Targets as reported
- Russian-speaking audiences in Moldova 3
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 7 Facebook accounts, 23 Pages, 1 Group, 20 Instagram accounts 3
India network 3
Odisha network 3
Iran network linked to Cotton Sandstorm 3
Lebanon network 3
- Reporting body
- Meta 3
- Report and date
- Q3 2024 report, December 2024 3
- Origin as attributed
- Lebanon, links to individuals with ties to Al Mayadeen and LuaLua TV 3
- Targets as reported
- Primarily Israel 3
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 15 Facebook accounts, 15 Pages, 6 Instagram accounts 3
Doppelganger update 3
- Reporting body
- Meta 3
- Report and date
- Q3 2024 report, December 2024 3
- Origin as attributed
- Russia, attributed to Structura National Technology and Social Design Agency 3
- Targets as reported
- Support for Ukraine, inside Ukraine and internationally 3
- Platforms and size as reported
- Ongoing campaign. 42 spoofing domains listed, about 600 new indicators 3
Benin network linked to Digited Consulting 4
Ghana network linked to DigitSol 4
- Reporting body
- Meta 4
- Report and date
- Q4 2024 report, February 2025 4
- Origin as attributed
- Ghana, linked to DigitSol, a UAE marketing firm with an office in Ghana 4
- Targets as reported
- Domestic audiences in Ghana 4
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 42 Facebook accounts, 1 Page, 33 Instagram accounts, about $10,200 in ads 4
China network targeting Tibetan diaspora 4
China network targeting Myanmar, Taiwan and Japan 5
Iran network targeting Azeri speakers 5
Romania network 5
Endless Mayfly 6
- Reporting body
- Meta 6
- Report and date
- Q2 and Q3 2025 report, December 2025 6
- Origin as attributed
- Iran, attributed to the International Union of Virtual Media 6
- Targets as reported
- US, France, Israel, UK and Turkish audiences 6
- Platforms and size as reported
- Counts not stated. Websites including typosquatting news sites 6
Freelancer network in sub-Saharan Africa 6
- Reporting body
- Meta 6
- Report and date
- Q2 and Q3 2025 report, December 2025 6
- Origin as attributed
- Local freelancers likely working on behalf of individuals in Russia 6
- Targets as reported
- Mali, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Nigeria, South Africa, Senegal, Angola, Benin 6
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook. 67 accounts, 70 Pages, 2 Groups, about $107,300 in ads 6
Cameroon-based freelancer network 6
- Reporting body
- Meta 6
- Report and date
- Q2 and Q3 2025 report, December 2025 6
- Origin as attributed
- Cameroon-based freelancer likely working on behalf of employees of RT 6
- Targets as reported
- Sub-Saharan Africa 6
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 10 Facebook accounts, 2 Pages, 9 Instagram accounts 6
Russia network targeting Moldova 6
Belarus network targeting Poland 6
Poland network 6
India network with AI content 6
Gagauzia network 6
- Reporting body
- Meta 6
- Report and date
- Q2 and Q3 2025 report, December 2025 6
- Origin as attributed
- Moldova, individuals associated with the Gagauz Executive Committee 6
- Targets as reported
- Moldova 6
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 15 Facebook accounts, 6 Pages, 7 Groups, 4 Instagram accounts 6
Russia network targeting sub-Saharan Africa 7
Pakistan network 8
- Reporting body
- Meta 8
- Report and date
- H1 2026 report, indicator file 8
- Origin as attributed
- Pakistan, attributed to the military's Inter-Services Public Relations wing 8
- Targets as reported
- Domestic audiences in Pakistan 8
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 23 Facebook accounts, 8 Pages, 14 Instagram accounts 8
China network targeting Taiwan 9
Iran-based network targeting Azerbaijan 10
Ruposters network targeting Eastern Europe 11
- Reporting body
- Meta 11
- Report and date
- H1 2026 report, indicator file 11
- Origin as attributed
- Russia, attributed with high confidence to Ruposters 11
- Targets as reported
- About 20 countries, including Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia 11
- Platforms and size as reported
- Facebook and Instagram. 52 Facebook accounts, 134 Pages, 35 Instagram accounts, about $49,000 in ads 11
Iran network targeting the US and Iraq 12
Bad Grammar 13
Doppelganger (OpenAI) 13
Spamouflage 13
International Union of Virtual Media 13
Zero Zeno 13
Stop News 14
- Reporting body
- OpenAI 14
- Report and date
- Influence and cyber operations update, October 2024 14
- Origin as attributed
- Russia-origin threat actor, consistent with an operation run by a marketing company 14
- Targets as reported
- West Africa and the UK 14
- Platforms and size as reported
- Websites and X. Meta reported a following of 2,100 on Facebook and Instagram 14
STORM-2035 14
Rwandan election network 14
Sneer Review 15
High Five 15
VAGue Focus 15
Helgoland Bite 15
Uncle Spam 15
STORM-2035 (recidivist) 15
Stop News (recidivist) 16
Russian consulting firm campaign 17
Shanghai Haixun Technology campaign 17
- Reporting body
- Google 17
- Report and date
- TAG Bulletin Q3 2024 17
- Origin as attributed
- PRC, Shanghai Haixun Technology Co., Ltd, a Chinese PR firm 17
- Targets as reported
- Content echoing Chinese government views 17
- Platforms and size as reported
- 498 domains blocked from Google News and Discover, August 2024 17
Cameroon marketing firm campaign 17
PRC campaign, January 2025 18
Azerbaijan campaign, January 2025 18
Nigeria campaign, January 2025 18
Storm-2035 news sites 19
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Notes
- Meta's H1 2026 rows come from indicator files in its GitHub repository that name the H1 2026 Adversarial Threat Report 7.
- Meta's Q1 2025 report gives about 40 Instagram followers for the Romania network in its main text and about 35 in its appendix 5.
- Google's monthly entries are a selection. Each bulletin lists many more campaigns 18.
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Sources
- Meta: Q1 2024 Adversarial Threat Report (May 2024)
- Meta: Q2 2024 Adversarial Threat Report (August 2024)
- Meta: Q3 2024 Adversarial Threat Report (December 2024)
- Meta: Q4 2024 Adversarial Threat Report (February 2025)
- Meta: Adversarial Threat Report, First Quarter 2025 (May 2025)
- Meta: Adversarial Threat Report, Second and Third Quarter 2025 (December 2025)
- Meta, GitHub: Indicators of Compromise: Russia-Based Influence Operation Network Targeting Sub-Saharan Africa (Adversarial Threat Report H1 2026)
- Meta, GitHub: Indicators of Compromise: Pakistan-Based Influence Operation Network Targeting Pakistan (Adversarial Threat Report H1 2026)
- Meta, GitHub: Indicators of Compromise: China-Based Influence Operation Network Targeting Taiwan (Adversarial Threat Report H1 2026)
- Meta, GitHub: Indicators of Compromise: Iran-Based Influence Operation Network Targeting Azerbaijan (Adversarial Threat Report H1 2026)
- Meta, GitHub: Indicators of Compromise: Russia-Based Influence Operation Network Targeting Eastern Europe (Adversarial Threat Report H1 2026)
- Meta, GitHub: Indicators of Compromise: Iran-Based Influence Operation Network Targeting United States, Iraq (Adversarial Threat Report H1 2026)
- OpenAI: Disrupting deceptive uses of AI by covert influence operations (30 May 2024)
- OpenAI: Influence and cyber operations: an update (October 2024)
- OpenAI: Disrupting malicious uses of AI: June 2025 (June 2025)
- OpenAI: Disrupting malicious uses of AI: an update (October 2025)
- Google: TAG Bulletin: Q3 2024 (12 September 2024, updated 14 January 2025)
- Google: TAG Bulletin: Q1 2025 (15 May 2025)
- Microsoft Threat Analysis Center: Iran steps into US election 2024 with cyber-enabled influence operations (9 August 2024)